What is an atom with a deficiency of electrons classified as?

An atom with a deficiency of electrons is classified as an ion. Specifically, when an atom loses electrons, it becomes positively charged, resulting in a cation. This shift in balance between protons and electrons gives rise to the ion's positive charge.

In contrast, a neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, maintaining an overall neutral charge. Understanding these fundamental concepts about atomic structure is crucial, as the presence of charges and the behavior of ions play significant roles in electrical phenomena, chemical reactions, and the overall interaction of materials in various applications pertinent to linemen and electrical work.