How is electrical energy generated from mechanical energy?

Electrical energy is generated from mechanical energy primarily through the use of a generator. A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by utilizing the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a conductor, such as a coil of wire, moves through a magnetic field or when a magnetic field moves relative to the conductor, an electrical current is induced in the conductor. This process is fundamental in power generation systems, where mechanical energy from sources like wind, water, or steam is transformed into usable electrical energy.

In contrast, while transformers, inverters, and capacitors play important roles in electrical systems, they do not directly convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Transformers are used to change voltage levels in an existing electrical system, inverters convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC), and capacitors store and release electrical energy. Therefore, the generator is the correct answer, as it specifically fulfills the function of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.